CURRENT AFFAIRS OF JANUARY 2018

CURRENT AFFAIRS  W.E.F JANUARY 2018

Awards 

The veteran playback singer Yash Chopra National Memorial Award 2017 – Asha Bhosle

The member of NITI Aayog who has been awarded the prestigious IhsanDoğramacı Family Health Foundation Prize by WHO– Dr. Vinod Paul(first indian)

The Chief Minister who has been conferred the 1st Mufti Mohammad Sayeed Award for Probity in Politics and Public Life by the J & K Govt – Nitish Kumar

The Asian-American actor who has become the first person of Indian origin to win a Golden Globe Award for the best actor in a television series - musical or comedy – Aziz Ansari

Defence Exercise

The third state-of-art Scorpene class submarines launched by the Indian Navy at Mumbai is named – INS Karanj

The first ever joint military exercise by India and Vietnam at Jabalpur (M.P.) from 29 January to 03 February is named – VINBAX 2018

The joint military exercise by India and United States to be conducted at Joint Base Lewis-McChord (JBLM) in Seattle in the 3rd week of January is named – Vajra Prahar

The Indian Army regiment which has been formally affiliated to Indian Naval ship INS Vikramaditya (along with No. 6 Squadron of the Indian Air Force) – Bihar Regiment

Persons in News

The new Chief Election Commissioner of India who has taken over from Shri Achal Kumar Jyoti – Om Prakash Rawat.

The former Chief Minister of Gujarat who has been appointed as the Governor of Madhya Pradesh – Smt Anandiben Patel.

The new Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation who has been chosen to take over from 15 Jan 18

– Shri Kailasavadivoo Sivan

The Oscar winning music director who has been chosen the brand ambassador of Sikkim by the State Govt – AR Rahman

The Indian powerlifter and world champion who passed away in a road accident on 07 Jan – Saksham Yadav

The American astronaut and the first person in the world to fly six space missions and the ninth person to walk on moon who passed away on 05 Jan – John Watts Young.

Sports

The host country of 2018 Women's World T20 cricket tournament as announced by ICC – West Indies

The Indian cricketer who has been banned by the BCCI for five months on the grounds of doping violation – Yusuf Pathan

The 21-year old sportsperson from Manali who has become the first Indian to win an international medal in skiing by winning a Bronze medal in the slalom race category at the Palandoken Ski Centre, in Erzurum in Turkey – Aanchal Thakur

The New Zealand cricketer who has become the first in the world to score 3 centuries in international T20 matches (He scored the centuries against India, Bangladesh and West Indies) – Colin Munro

The team which has won the Ranji Trophy 2017-18 season defeating Delhi in the finals at Holkar Stadium, Indore – Vidarbha

Miscellaneous

The indigenous aircraft designed and developed by CSIR - National Aeronautics Laboratories (NAL) which made its maiden flight in Bengaluru is named – SARAS PT1N

The private sector bank which has become the first Indian bank to cross Rs. 5 trillion in market capitalisation at BSE – HDFC Bank

The App launched by Ministry of Railways for monitoring and managing freight business using Geographic Information System Views and Dashboard is named – SFOORTI (Smart Freight Operation Optimisation and Real Time Information)

The online portal launched by Ministry of Women and Child Development intended to serve as a one-point platform where women can easily access details of over 350 central and state schemes is named – NARI (National Repository of Information for Women)

Crystal Awards by World Economic Forum

Cate Blanchett, for her leadership in raising awareness of the refugee crisis.

Sir Elton John, for his leadership in the fight against HIV/AIDS

Shah Rukh Khan, for his leadership in championing children’s and women’s rights in India

2018 Blind Cricket World Cup

Held in - Pakistan and UAE

Held from - 08 to 20 Jan 18

Winners - India

Runners-up - Pakistan

Finals played at - Sharjah Cricket Stadium

Participants - India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Australia

ICC Awards 2017

Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for ICC Men's Cricketer of the Year - Virat Kohli (India)

Men's Test Cricketer of the Year - Steve Smith (Australia)

Men's ODI Cricketer of the Year - Virat Kohli (India)

Men's Emerging Cricketer of the Year - Hasan Ali (Pakistan)

Men's Associate Cricketer of the Year - Rashid Khan (Afghanistan)

Men's T20 Performance of the Year - Yuzvendra Chahal (6-25 v England) (India)

David Shepherd Trophy for ICC Umpire of the Year - Marais Erasmus

ICC Spirit of Cricket - Anya Shrubsole (England)

Women's Test Cricketer of the Year: Ellyse Perry (Australia)

Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year: Amy Satterthwaite (New Zealand)

Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year: Beth Mooney (Australia)

Women's Emerging Player of the Year: Beth Mooney (Australia)

 iCreate

iCreate: International Centre for Entrepreneurship and Technology

Inaugurated by - Indian PM Narendra Modi and Israel PM Benjamin Netanyahu

Inaugurated at - Dev Dholera near Ahmedabad

Joint venture of - Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation Limited (GMDC) and Gujarat Entrepreneurship and Venture Promotion Foundation (GEVPF)

Aim - To provide technology and assistance to the innovative and imaginative minds in their entrepreneurial journey.

Advisory board - Dilip Shanghvi, MD, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, Uday Kotak, Executive Vice Chairman and MD of Kotak Mahindra Bank, Narayan Murthy, Infosys co-founder and Professor Jagdish Bhagwati

Functioning - iCreate provides 13-week grooming program to equip an individual with the right skill and tools required in the entrepreneurial world. At the end of this, the participants have the option to pitch their idea for further development. The proposals are evaluated by an independent panel and selected subsequently. Financial assistance up to Rs 50,000 is provided by the venture for few deserving pitches.

Open to - Students, existing entrepreneurs, traders, small sized businessmen.

63rd Filmfare Awards 

  Best Actor (Male): Irrfan Khan for Hindi Medium

Best Actor (Female): Vidya Balan for Tumhari Sulu

Best Film: Hindi Medium

Best Director: Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari for Bareilly ki Barfi

Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film: Newton

Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor (Male): Rajkummar Rao for Trapped

Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor (Female): Zaira Wasim for Secret Superstar

Best Debut Director: Konkona Sen Sharma for A Death in the Gunj

Best Dialogue: Hitesh Kewaliya for Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

Best Screenplay: Shubhashish Bhutiani for Mukti Bhawan

Best Story: Amit V Masurkar for Newton

Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Male): Rajkummar Rao for Bareilly ki Barfi

Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Female): Meher Vij for Secret Superstar

Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award: Mala Sinha and Bappi Lahiri

Best Music Director: Pritam for Jagga Jasoos

Best Lyricist: Amitabh Bhattacharya for Ullu ka Pattha from Jagga Jasoos

Best Playback Singer (Male): Arijit Singh for Roke na ruke naina from Badrinath ki Dulhania

Best Playback Singer (Female): Meghna Mishra for Nachdi Phira from Secret Superstar Jagga Jasoos and Secret Superstar received the most nominations :10.

Outstanding Parliamentarian Awards

Dr. Najma Heptullah for 2013

Shri Hukumdev Narayan Yadav for 2014

Shri Ghulam Nabi Azad for 2015

Shri Dinesh Trivedi for 2016

Shri Bhartruhari Mahtab for 2017

Computer Memory (Primary )|| कंप्यूटर मेमोरी (प्राथमिक) ||

Computer Memory

The memory is the one of the most important element in a computer system it is internal or external storage area which hold the data and instruction during the processing in the form of binary number.

It is also related too many devices and components that are responsible for storing data and application on a temporary or permanent basis.

 Computer memory can be classified into the two types:-

1.  Primary Memory
2.  Secondary Memory or Storage Device

Primary Memory

                          

 Primary Memory it is also known as Main Memory it is the internal storage memory used by computer to whole data and instruction the primary memory is limited storage capacity primary memory holds data and programs needed that in standby CPU.

 Primary memory is volatile in nature.

There are two types of Primary Memory

1. RAM
2. ROM

 RAM

 It stands for Random Access Memory. It is internal memory that can be read from AS well as return to .This memory is often associated with volatile type of memory it can hold data only on temporary basis because it is required continuous flow of electricity and current.

There are two types of RAM 

1. Static RAM 
2. Dynamic RAM  

Static RAM

It is also written as Ram it is a computer memory that requires a constant power flow in order to hold and formation as RAM is more expensive and require more power therefore it is commonly used in cash and video card memory it is faster and dynamic Ram.

STATIC RAM

Dynamic RAM

It is also written as DRAM it is stores information in cell containing a capacitor and transistor these cell must be refreshed with electronic impulse in few millisecond this process all way allows memory to keep charge and hold a data as long as needed.

 ROM

In ROM Read Only Memory information one stored remain fixed it cannot be changed, So ROM can only be read and use.Generally it contains a set of startup instruction.

 ROM is further subdivided into several types

1.  PROM   (Programmable Read Only Memory)   

 It is a computer memory chip capable of being program after it has been created but once PROM has been programmed the information written is permanent and cannot be eraser deleted.

     2. E PROM  (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

It is a computer memory chip in which the written information can be changed or exposing to ultraviolet light (UV),It is just like a small glass circle and expose the chip that can be reprogrammed.

    3. EE PROM  (Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory )

 It is EEROM that can be erased and reprogrammed using electrical charge.

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS (कम्प्यूटर का वर्गीकरण)

Computer are mainly classified based on the different size and shapes

Component of a computer

1. INPUT AND OUTPUT UNIT

 Input output device are required for user to communicate with the computer the input   device  bring data into the computer system and output device bring that are out from the   computer system.

 These input output device are also known as a referral device like keyboard, mouse, printer  etc 

INPUT DEVICE

2. C.P.U CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

The central Processing Unit is the part of computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program and perform the basic arithmetic and logical and input output operation of the system.

CPU is also known as the brain of computer.

4. Arithmetic and Logic Unit

In computing,  an arithmetic logic unit is a Digital circuit that performs automatic and logical operation the A.L.U. is a fundamental building block of the central Processing Unit of a computer.

5. control unit

Control unit coordinates the input and output device of a computer system. It fetches The instruction which are given in the form of micro program it Direct Operation of the Other unit by providing time and control signals in general of control unit is a central part of the machinery and control its operation and entire processing.

6. memory unit

 This unit is responsible to store program or data on a temporary or permanent basis it has   primary memory and secondary memory the input data which is to be processed it brought   into the main memory before the processing.

That needed instruction of processing and any kind of intermediate results are also stored  in a primary memory.

RAM

Parliament ( संसद, लोकसभा और राज्यसभा ) Indian Polity ( भारत के मूल संविधान )

संसद

भारतीय संविधान के अनुच्छेद 79 व्याख्या है कि देश में एक संसद होगी जो राष्ट्रपति एवं दोनों सदनों लोकसभा
व राज्यसभा को मिलाकर बनेगी |

राष्ट्रपति लोकसभा और राज्यसभा तीनों का सम्मिलित स्वरूप संसद है |

संसद का गठन

संसद के तीन अंग होते हैं |

1.  राष्ट्रपति - (कार्यपालिका का वैधानिक प्रमुख)
2.  लोकसभा - (प्रथम सदन अथवा लोकप्रिय सदन)
3.  राज्यसभा - (द्वितीय सदन अथवा उच्च सदन)

लोकसभा का गठन

लोकसभा जनता का प्रतिनिधित्व करने वाला सदन है, इसके सदस्य जनता द्वारा निर्वाचित होकर आते हैं इसलिए इसे लोकप्रिय सदन भी कहते हैं |

भारत के मूल संविधान में लोकसभा की सदस्य संख्या 500 निश्चित की गई थी ,किंतु समय-समय पर विभिन्न संशोधनों द्वारा सदस्य संख्या में परिवर्तन किया जाता रहा है 31 वें संविधान संशोधन सन 1974 के अनुसार लोकसभा में अधिकतम सदस्य संख्या 547 की गई है, किंतु अब दमनदीप, गोवा पुनर्गठन अधिनियम 1987 निश्चित किया गया है, कि लोकसभा की अधिकतम सदस्य संख्या 552 हो सकती है | इसमें अधिकतम 530 सदस्य भारतीय संघराज्य अधिकतम 20 सदस्य केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों से निर्वाचित किए जाएंगे |

84 संविधान संशोधन के आधार पर लोकसभा की कुल सदस्य संख्या 2026 तक यथावत  रहेंगे|

लोकसभा का गठन :

1. अध्यक्ष लोकसभा के सदस्य निर्वाचित होगा,
2.  प्रत्येक 5 वर्ष के सदस्यों का निर्वाचन,
3.  31 वें संविधान संशोधन द्वारा अधिकतम निर्धारित सदस्य संख्या 547 |

लोकसभा का कार्यकाल :

भारतीय संविधान के अनुच्छेद 88 (2)  के अनुसार लोकसभा का कार्यकाल 5 वर्ष निर्धारित किया गया है ,किंतु इस अवधि के पूर्व केंद्रीय मंत्रिपरिषद की सलाह पर राष्ट्रपति द्वारा भंग की जा सकती है | आपातकाल की घोषणा होने पर अपने लोकसभा का कार्यकाल बढ़ा सकती है|

लोकसभा की शक्तियां और कार्य

लोकसभा भारतीय संसद की तुलना में अधिक शक्तिशाली है |

निर्माण के संबंध में लोकसभा की शक्तियां अनन्य है | संविधान के अनुसार लोकसभा संघ सूची के सभी विषयों समवर्ती सूची पर कानून बनाती है ,तथा आवश्यकता पड़ने पर वह राज्य सूची के विभिन्न विषयों पर भी कानून बनाने बना सकती है |

वित्तीय शक्तियां अनुच्छेद 109  की व्यवस्था के अनुसार कोई भी धन विधेयक केवल लोकसभा में प्रस्तुत किया जा सकता है|

केंद्रीय मंत्रिपरिषद लोकसभा के प्रति सामूहिक रूप से उत्तरदाई है ,केंद्रीय मंत्रिपरिषद तभी तक अपने पद पर बनी रह सकती है | जब तक उसे लोकसभा का विश्वास प्राप्त हो दूसरे शब्दों में लोकसभा मंत्रिपरिषद के विरुद्ध अविश्वास प्रस्ताव पारित कर सकती है |

निर्वाचन शक्तियां लोकसभा के सदस्य राष्ट्रपति उपराष्ट्रपति लोकसभा अध्यक्ष के निर्वाचन में भाग लेते हैं |

संविधान संशोधन संबंधी विधेयक लोकसभा पारित कर सकती है |

राज्यसभा

संविधान के अनुच्छेद 80  (1) के अनुसार राज्यसभा में सदस्यों की अधिकतम संख्या 250 हो सकती है, जिसमें 238 सदस्य राज्य और शासित प्रदेशों की विधानसभाओं के निर्वाचित सदस्यों द्वारा अप्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचन पद्धति द्वारा एकल संक्रमणीय मत पद्धति के द्वारा निर्वाचित किए जाएंगे और 12 सदस्य जो साहित्य विज्ञान क्लास का सामाजिक क्षेत्र के विशेषज्ञ हैं, वह राष्ट्रपति द्वारा मनोनीत किए जाते हैं|

संविधान के अनुच्छेद 83(1 )के अनुसार यह एक स्थाई सदन होता है ,या कभी भी भग नहीं होता है | इस सदन के एक तिहाई सदस्य प्रति दूसरे वर्ष अवकाश ग्रहण करते हैं, उसके स्थान पर नए सदस्यों का निर्वाचन हो जाता है | प्रत्येक सदस्य का कार्यकाल 6 वर्ष का होता है|

राष्ट्रपति

भारतीय संविधान के अनुच्छेद 52 के अनुसार भारत का एक राष्ट्रपति होगा | राष्ट्रपति भारतीय संघ की कार्यपालिका का वैधानिक प्रधान होता है, अर्थात राष्ट्रपति राज करता है शासन नहीं|

भारतीय संविधान के अनुच्छेद 54 के अनुसार राष्ट्रपति का निर्वाचन निर्वाचक मंडल द्वारा किया जाएगा जिसमें संसद के दोनों सदनों के निर्वाचित सदस्य तथा राज्यों की विधानसभाओं के निर्वाचित सदस्य संघ राज्य क्षेत्रों के विधानसभाओं के निर्वाचित सदस्य सम्मिलित होंगे |

राष्ट्रपति का निर्वाचन आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व प्रणाली एवं मतगणना एकल संक्रमणीय पद्धति के अनुसार होता है | राष्ट्रपति के चुनाव में विजय प्राप्त करने के लिए एक निश्चित संख्या में मत प्राप्त होने चाहिए ,जिसे निर्वाचन कोटा कहा जाता है |




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